Kubernetes核心实战
3-pod
命令创建
kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx
# 查看default名称空间的Pod
kubectl get pod
# 描述
kubectl describe pod 你自己的Pod名字
# 删除
kubectl delete pod Pod名字
# 查看Pod的运行日志
kubectl logs Pod名字
# 每个Pod - k8s都会分配一个ip
kubectl get pod -owide
# 使用Pod的ip+pod里面运行容器的端口
curl 192.168.169.136
# 集群中的任意一个机器以及任意的应用都能通过Pod分配的ip来访问这个Pod
yaml 方式
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
run: mynginx
name: mynginx
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: mynginx
一个pod 多个应用
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
run: myapp
name: myapp
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
- image: tomcat:8.5.68
name: tomcat
界面化操作
进入容器
4-Deployment
控制Pod,使Pod拥有多副本,自愈,扩缩容等能力
# 清除所有Pod,比较下面两个命令有何不同效果?
kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx
kubectl create deployment mytomcat --image=tomcat:8.5.68
# 自愈能力
1、多副本
kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=nginx --replicas=3
ymal
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
name: my-dep
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: my-dep
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
2、扩缩容
kubectl scale --replicas=5 deployment/my-dep
修改 replicas
kubectl get deploy
kubectl edit deployment my-dep
#修改 replicas
模拟故障,可以用 docker stop
4、滚动更新
kubectl set image deployment/my-dep nginx=nginx:1.16.1 --record
kubectl rollout status deployment/my-dep
nginx=nginx:1.16.1 容器名称=镜像+版本
或者修改yaml
# 修改 kubectl edit deployment/my-dep
5、版本回退
#历史记录
kubectl rollout history deployment/my-dep
#查看某个历史详情
kubectl rollout history deployment/my-dep --revision=2
#回滚(回到上次)
kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-dep
#回滚(回到指定版本)
kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-dep --to-revision=2
更多:
除了Deployment,k8s还有 StatefulSet 、DaemonSet 、Job 等 类型资源。我们都称为 工作负载。
有状态应用使用 StatefulSet 部署,无状态应用使用 Deployment 部署
https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/
5、Service
将一组 Pods 公开为网络服务的抽象方法。
#暴露Deploy
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80
#使用标签检索Pod
kubectl get pod -l app=my-dep
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
name: my-dep
spec:
selector:
app: my-dep
ports:
- port: 8000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
重要的是这个地方
selector: app: my-dep
1、ClusterIP
# 等同于没有--type的
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80 --type=ClusterIP
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
name: my-dep
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: my-dep
type: ClusterIP
2、NodePort
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
name: my-dep
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: my-dep
type: NodePort
NodePort范围在 30000-32767 之间
6、Ingress
1、安装
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.47.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/deploy.yaml
#修改镜像
vi deploy.yaml
#将image的值改为如下值:
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/ingress-nginx-controller:v0.46.0
# 检查安装的结果
kubectl get pod,svc -n ingress-nginx
# 最后别忘记把svc暴露的端口要放行
2、使用
官网地址:https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/
就是nginx做的
http://10.0.0.11:31103/
测试环境
应用如下yaml,准备好测试环境
testingress.yml : 连接
kubectl apply -f testingress.yaml
1、域名访问
ingress-rule.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-host-bar
spec:
ingressClassName: nginx
rules:
- host: "hello.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
path: "/"
backend:
service:
name: hello-server
port:
number: 8000
- host: "demo.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
path: "/nginx" # 把请求会转给下面的服务,下面的服务一定要能处理这个路径,不能处理就是404
backend:
service:
name: nginx-demo ## java,比如使用路径重写,去掉前缀nginx
port:
number: 8000
kubectl apply -f ingress-rule.yaml
查看ingress 服务
kubectl get ingress
问题: path: "/nginx" 与 path: "/" 为什么会有不同的效果?
hosts 配置
访问:
kubectl get svc -A
80:31103/TCP,443:31707/TCP
2、路径重写
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
name: ingress-host-bar
spec:
ingressClassName: nginx
rules:
- host: "hello.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
path: "/"
backend:
service:
name: hello-server
port:
number: 8000
- host: "demo.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
path: "/nginx(/|$)(.*)" # 把请求会转给下面的服务,下面的服务一定要能处理这个路径,不能处理就是404
backend:
service:
name: nginx-demo ## java,比如使用路径重写,去掉前缀nginx
port:
number: 8000
3、流量限制
Kubernetes 核心实战-Ingress 限流 (kubesphere.io)
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-limit-rate
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: "1"
spec:
ingressClassName: nginx
rules:
- host: "haha.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Exact
path: "/"
backend:
service:
name: nginx-demo
port:
number: 8000
存储
欢迎来撩 : 汇总all